Both OS X and Windows can see each other's shared drives over the local network. To mount a Mac's shared drive on a PC, it's a simple matter of enabling Windows Sharing in System Preferences. Many files and folders are hidden on a Mac. There's a good reason for this: Hiding files and folders prevents users from accidentally damaging the operating system. Nevertheless, sometimes you may need to access these files and folders. We'll show you various options for viewing hidden files and folders on a Mac. However, use extreme. Cheep city - heritage game jam 2020 mac os.
Many files and folders are hidden on a Mac. There's a good reason for this: Hiding files and folders prevents users from accidentally damaging the operating system. Nevertheless, sometimes you may need to access these files and folders. We'll show you various options for viewing hidden files and folders on a Mac. However, use extreme caution: If you change or damage system files, it can have serious consequences for your operating system.
- Mac Finder: showing hidden files using keyboard shortcuts
- Showing hidden files on a Mac using Terminal commands
Why are some files and folders hidden?
There are good reasons for hiding files and folders in operating systems. Computer manufacturers and administrators hide files to prevent users from accidentally deleting or damaging system-related files and folders. Other times, your employer may hide files and folders that are essential for the smooth exchange of data with customers and business partners. In most cases, you won't notice these files at all, even though they perform important tasks.
However, if you still want to view and access the hidden folders and files on your Mac, you should be extremely careful to avoid damaging your operating system.
Mac Finder: showing hidden files using keyboard shortcuts
Keyboard shortcuts are probably the easiest way to display hidden files and folders in the Finder on a Mac. You can show hidden files by pressing the Command, Shift, and Period keys at the same time.
Step-by-step guide
Follow these few steps to show or hide files in the Finder:
- Open Macintosh HD or the folder where you want to display the hidden files in the Finder.
- Hold down the Command, Shift and Period keys: cmd + shift + [.]
- The hidden files and folders on your Mac will then appear partially transparent.
- You can hide the files again using the same keyboard shortcut.
Showing the hidden Library folder in the Finder
The above keyboard shortcut for showing hidden files on a Mac works in any folder in the Finder. One exception is the Library folder, which is usually hidden. It mainly contains system files and automatically saved copies of Microsoft Office documents. Showing the Library folder is especially useful when you're looking for old Word documents and are unable to find them. Best way to win slot machines. If your computer crashes before you could save your data, you should look in the Library folder. You can access this folder using the following shortcut:
- In the Finder, press the Option key (Alt).
- In the menu bar, click 'Go'.
- Click 'Library'.
Since the Library automatically saves Microsoft Office documents as hidden files, you may see a large number of unorganized files in this folder.
The Option key is one of the most useful and commonly used keys on a Mac. Find out more about the Option key on a Mac and learn about its functions and commands.
Showing hidden files on a Mac using Terminal commands
Instead of using keyboard shortcuts and the Finder, you can also use Terminal in conjunction with commands on your Mac to show hidden files and folders. Terminal is a built-in command-line interface included in the Mac operating system. You can use commands in Terminal to replace sequences of multiple steps in the Finder and perform an action. To view hidden files and folders using Terminal, proceed as follows:
Step 1: Open Terminal
To launch Terminal on your Mac, use the following keyboard shortcut: Cmd + Space. After pressing the Command key and the space bar, type 'Terminal' in the Spotlight search field. Then double-click the search result.
Alternatively, you can launch Terminal by double-clicking 'Terminal' in the Utilities Window. You can find this option either under 'Go' in the menu bar or under 'Applications', which you can select in the Dock at the bottom of the screen.
Step 2: Entering a command to see hidden files on a Mac
Viewing hidden files and folders on a Mac using Terminalinvolves entering two commands and pressing the Enter key. Type the following into Terminal:
Step 3: View the hidden files on your Mac
Now the hidden files and folders on your Mac are displayed in the Finder. As mentioned above, the files appear transparent. The folders look slightly paler than folders that are not hidden.
Step 4: Hide the files again
You can hide the files again by replacing 'true' with 'false' in the command above. The command then looks like this:
Terminal is a helpful interface for performing basic and advanced support, repair, and maintenance tasks. Another standard tool that you can use to perform these tasks is the Mac Task Manager. It can be especially useful if you're already familiar with the Task Manager in Windows operating systems.
How to hide files on a Mac using Terminal
You can use Terminal not only to show or hide the hidden folders on your Mac. You can also use it to hide specific files from nosy users who may have access to your computer. To do this, proceed as follows:
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- Open Terminal.
- Type in the following code into Terminal:
- Drag the files or folders you want to hide into the Terminal window with the mouse. The file location is displayed in the window.
- Press Enter to hide the files.
You can use the same procedure if you want to show the hidden files and folders on your Mac as usual again. To do this, simply type 'chflags nohidden' instead of 'chflags hidden'.
Viewing hidden files on a Mac using file managers
Third-party file managers like Forklift offer an easy way of working with hidden files and folders on a Mac. They allow you to show hidden files directly in the interface of the app, without having to use keyboard shortcuts or commands that can be somewhat daunting for less tech-savvy users.
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There are many different file managers available with a variety of features. Many of these file managers let you easily show hidden files and folders on a Mac without using the Finder. We'll use the example of Forklift to show you how a file manager can help you view hidden files. Open the Forklift app and do the following:
- Click View.
- Select 'Show Hidden files'.
There is also a button on the toolbar for showing and hiding files.
Besides Forklift, there are many other useful file managers that can help you with your everyday IT processes. Discover the many features as well as advantages and disadvantages of the most popular alternatives. Find a file manager for Windows, Mac and Linux that meets your day-to-day needs.
Letting your Mac automatically clean up hidden files
Sometimes you may want to view hidden files to solve a software problem, restore deleted files, or simply better understand your operating system. But most of the time, you'll want to view hidden files in order to delete them and free up space on your hard drive. In this case, apps like CleanMyMac X can do a lot of the work for you. Once you've launched the app, follow these simple steps to delete unneeded files:
- Select 'Smart Scan' in the sidebar at the top left.
- Click 'Scan'.
- Select System Junk from the 'Cleanup' options and view the details of the scan.
- Click 'Clean' to delete the unneeded files.
The advantage of using an app like CleanMyMac X to clean up your Mac is that it systematically deletes unneeded files. The app quickly frees up a lot more disk space than would be possible with manual methods.
No matter which of the above methods you choose to view and delete hidden files and folders on your Mac, you'll learn a lot about how your Mac works in the background.
Do you use Windows? Follow our step-by-step guide to find out how to show hidden files and folders on Windows.
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Apple has long enjoyed the reputation of making a computing platform that provides security protection that is superior to its peers—in a word, Microsoft. The emergence of a group of malicious software (malware) programs in recent months—collectively known as Flashback or Flashfake—that specifically target Macs and their OS X operating system now has Apple in the unfamiliar position of being on the defensive.
Written as a Trojan horse program, Flashback has infected hundreds of thousands of Macs to date, allowing cyber criminals to steal information from those computers and turn many of them into virtual zombies that can be manipulated to attack other computers. This is not the first time Apple has had to contend with a malware outbreak, but it is by far the largest and most public scar sullying the company's aura of invincibility.
Apple has been able to avoid such security problems in the past for a number of reasons. For nearly two decades, Microsoft's success has kept it in the crosshairs of cyber criminals by virtue of Windows's popularity and, at least early on, the company's inattentiveness to bolstering security as the operating system grew more complex. Beginning in 2003 Microsoft became infamous for 'Patch Tuesday,' a monthly release of security patches (sometimes dozens at a time) to fix problems in its operating system, along with Internet Explorer and other software. Apple was a relatively minor player in the PC market, attracting little attention from cyber criminals who could make more money exploiting Windows. The same year Microsoft introduced Patch Tuesday, Macs represented less than 1.5 percent of desktop computers and less than 3.5 percent of laptop computers worldwide.
Macs still represent only a small portion of the overall worldwide computer market, but their share has risen to roughly 7 percent in recent years and is expected to grow steadily. In the U.S., Apple last year owned more than 10 percent of the PC market, behind only HP and Dell, according to technology research firm Gartner. Mac users can expect more incidents like Flashback will follow.
'In the computer community we've been saying for five, six, seven years that Mac is not more immune to computer viruses than Windows PCs or even Linux boxes, ' says Nicolas Christin, associate director of Carnegie Mellon University's Information Networking Institute. 'The only reason Macs were not massively targeted is that they didn't have enough of a market share to make them interesting for a hacker to devote resources to try to compromise those machines. Now that they've acquired a fairly sizeable market share, it makes sense that the bad guys would focus some attention on the Mac platform.'
Popularity contest
Market share certainly plays a role, but in subtle ways, agrees Stefan Savage, a professor of computer science and engineering at the University of California, San Diego. 'Clearly, if a platform is unpopular then there is really not much interest in focusing on it,' he adds. 'In this regard, a platform's security depends on its popularity and the level of effort versus reward—that is, what is the expected return on effort.'
For cyber attackers, the decision to write malware for a particular operating system is an investment requiring the development of new skills, the acquisition of new software programs, even the learning of new slang, Savage says. 'It's not something one does lightly,' he adds. 'Moreover, for malware there is an established ecosystem around Windows that really helps reinforce that platform's dominance [as a target], including malware-writing tools, markets to buy and sell malware, infrastructure to deploy malware and lots of open-source information on new exploitation techniques. It takes time to build that kind of community. Market share certainly drives such things, but there is quite a bit of inertia as well.'
Assessments of a computing platform's security can often be subjective, with the results often depending on a computer user's preference. There are, however, several areas where operating systems can be judged head to head, Savage says, adding that OS X has consistently been behind Windows in producing what have become standard security mechanisms. 'And I'm unaware of Apple putting the level of investment into security that Microsoft has.'
Of course, Microsoft's security woes in the past necessitated that the company invest heavily in security improvements. One of the company's more astute moves came in 2005 when it began hosting its BlueHat conferences at Microsoft's headquarters in Redmond, Wash. At BlueHat Microsoft engineers meet face to face with members of the hacker community to discuss vulnerabilities in Windows.
What is the difference?
OS X suffers from the same security flaws as Windows, and can be exploited just as maliciously by cyber criminals, says Antti Tikkanen, director of security response at F-Secure Corp., a Helsinki-based provider of security research and antivirus software. 'From the pure operating system viewpoint, I don't think there is a big difference between recent versions of Windows—Windows 7, in particular—and OS X with regard to security,' he says.
Given that the amount of effort required to successfully break into a Windows PC or a Mac is roughly the same, it comes down to economics. Cyber attackers want to infect as many computers as possible without investing more money to buy new types of malware—which can cost hundreds or even thousands of dollars—and without having to acquire new skills required to write malware for more than one platform, according to Tikkanen. Although malware that targets Windows PCs has existed on the black market for years, there is no real market for OS X malware or for tools designed to write OS X malware, he says, adding, 'This is what keeps the scale of attacks against OS X low: the current attackers need to build their own tools, and this limits the number of bad guys that will go after you.'
Java spills
Apple is making Java software patches as well as a Flashback-removal tool available on its Web site. Some security vendors have set up Web sites to test whether a Mac has been infected. Flashback found its way onto Macs by exploiting a flaw in Java, which translates certain Web applications into code that can executed by different operating systems, including OS X and Windows. Apple's patches, however, will work only for Macs running OS X Lion and Mac OS X 10.6 (Snow Leopard). Still, about 17 percent of Mac users—roughly 10 million people—are running older versions of OS X not eligible for any security updates. Those ineligible for a patch have been advised by a number of security experts to disable Java in their Web browsers, at least until they can update to Java's latest version.
Apple had known about the Java vulnerability since January, when Oracle Corp. (which owns the rights to Java after purchasing Java creator Sun Microsystems in 2009) issued a patch to correct the problem. Apple, however, does not use Oracle's patches and chose to write its own version, which it did not make available until April 12. Flashback did much of its damage during those three months.
Java has proved itself a security liability over the years, in part because most computer users do not regularly install the security patches required to keep the bad guys out of their computers, says Marcus Carey, security researcher for Rapid7, a Boston-based information-technology security services firm. The situation is worse for Mac users because they generally do not install antivirus software, which serves as another layer of protection, he adds.
Drakonis mac os. Flashback's greatest legacy will likely be as a security wake-up call for Mac users. 'The attitude that Mac does not have malware is dated,' Tikkanen says. 'So Mac users should follow the same safety precautions as Windows users. My tip for both Mac and PC users would be to switch off Java if you don't need it, and remember to update the rest of your software.'
